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Aircraft, Rotorcraft and UAVs flying through clouds encounter the problem of ice formation on critical surfaces, and on/in engines. This can moderately or severely alter aerodynamic performance and handling qualities. CFD is a cost-effective, flexible and comprehensive aid to the analysis-design-certification of ice protection systems.
Modern CFD offers advanced 3D simulation tools and physical models that more completely explore the combined flight and icing envelopes, optimize designs, and finely tune associated tunnel, tanker and flight tests.
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