Understanding the motion of fluids is the basis for a tremendous amount of engineering and technology in contemporary life. Planes fly and ships sail because scientists understand the rules of how fluids like water and air behave under varying conditions.

Density functional theory, however, describes the multicomponent multiphase mixture continuously without density jumps at interfacial surfaces. This is achieved by the introduction into the Helmholz energy, or into the entropy, square component density gradient terms. As a result the hydrodynamics of multiphase mixtures is described in a unified way meaning the governing system of equations is the same at any point in space.

The grant was proposed to develop a computational fluid dynamics model of pulverized coal injection for the blast furnaces. The project will lay a solid foundation to develop a long-term R&D steel program as well as to expand applications to other industries, the proposal says.

In 2003, the university received a $1.29 million state grant develop a program that predicts where erosion is likely to occur in the lining of blast furnaces, allowing repairs to be made before a complete reline -- an extremely expensive process -- is needed.

The recent award will cover half the cost of the $400,500 project. Another half will be covered by the American Iron and Steel Institute. AISI, U.S. Steel and Ispat Inland Inc. are partnering on the project headed by Chenn Zhou, a Purdue Calumet professor of mechanical engineering.

Computer simulations play an essential role in the study of liquids that contain particles of different sizes, which are commonly known as complex fluids. But the two main techniques for the atomistic simulation of liquids - the molecular dynamics technique and the Monte Carlo method - have limitations that greatly reduce their effectiveness.

'The main advantage of the molecular dynamics method - its ability to provide information about dynamical processes - is also its main limitation,' said Erik Luijten, a professor of materials science and engineering at Illinois. 'Many complex fluids contain particles of widely different sizes, which move at vastly different time scales. A simulation that faithfully captures the motions of the faster as well as the slower particles would be impracticably slow.'

As such I am putting a velocity inlet as the top boundary condition, but resulting in convergence problem. I tried outflow or outlet condition, which is little bit unrealistic as air is escaping from the top surface...Can anybody help?

The goal of the GGMNS project is to develop an API to serve as a programming guideline for researchers developing new unstructured meshing techniques. AFRL and other agencies often fund such development with the hope that the new techniques will be incorporated into meshing applications for the benefit of the end user. However, without a standard API, the software implementation of meshing research often requires considerable rework for integration into existing software. The rework is often sufficiently large that integration is never attempted or completed, and the end-user never benefits from the results of the research. A standard API would also benefit meshing researchers by allowing them to use existing meshing applications as frameworks for their research, rather than spending resources developing their own application frameworks.