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| CFD Helping Yacht Design for America’s Cup |
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Validation experiments were performed in the large towing tank. In addition to this, by using CFD it was possible to model the rudder, keel, bulb and winglets, and the turbulence and free-surface effects. It was found that computations for the different designs always predicted the same trends as found in the validation experiments. The CFD simulations thus proved their ability to account for relative changes in resistance when design or sailing conditions are changed, almost as reliably as experiments. This allows a reduction in the number of experiments needed for validation purposes, since these can be limited to the optimum design found by simulation.
The results demonstrated the suitability of the CD adapco Group’s Comet solver for the analysis of flow around yachts under sailing conditions as a complement to experimental testing. In the early design phases, CFD solvers are needed to accurately account for the effects of turbulence and high free-surface deformation, including breaking waves. In future, coupled analysis of wind flow around sails and water flow around hull and appendages in sea waves, will be performed to model the interaction of all yacht components affecting its performance.
“Although the team were not ready for the America's Cup challenge in 2002, the results obtained in the CFD and experimental investigations provide a valuable basis for the future. With the cup being back in Europe for the first time since 1851, expectations are high and the Pinta Racing team is hoping to establish a new challenge for the next round, most likely in 2007. We all hope that at that time, it will be possible to demonstrate the usefulness of CFD results in race conditions.” Bettar el Moctar, HSVA
Yacht model during experiments
in the HSVA towing tank.
Pressure distribution on yacht body
including rudder and keel with winglets.
Velocity vectors in a cross-section
through keel normal to sailing direction.
Free-surface deformation around
yacht (Design 1) at 27° heel angle.
Wetted hull area (red) for the yacht hull at 27° heel angle, viewed from front, indicating wave breaking and air entrainment on the left-hand side.
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